"She Ridicules Suburbanites" | More on Phyllis Brett Young's The Torontonians

A rather scathing review of Phyllis Brett Young's The Torontonians (Longmans, Green & Company, 1960) lambastes the author for her unflattering portrayal of Toronto's circa-1960 suburbia:

Don Quixote tilted at windmills, Phyllis Brett Young tilts at the sacred cows of suburbia, poking fun at the ranch-type bungalow, the bigger and better electrical appliances, the strange tribal customs of the natives such as the barbecue and the "inverted snobbery (which) dictated that servants did not belong to the Good Life. ..." All these things are satirized with a lively, sophisticated touch, and in this category the book is excellent, even if the suburban pack will be in full cry after Mrs. Young, anxious to nail her hide to their knotty pine walls. (Joan Walker, writing for the Globe & Mail, Saturday October 22, 1960; page 16)

The reviewer goes on to aver that Young's suburban satire "fails dismally," commenting on its "stock characters" and "slick dialogue" and its apparent "nostalgia ... for the Toronto of Rosedale." This may well be true, but I have the feeling Young's reviewer may protest too much and perhaps projects her own longing upon Young.

But the prospect of a novel of this vintage tackling suburbia -- then a relatively new phenomenon in Toronto (Don Mills, "Canada's first corporate suburb", was only about five years old when The Torontonians was published in 1960) -- is encouragement enough to read. This is particularly the case given that I have come across so little Toronto literature focusing on suburbs. Hugh Garner's Death in Don Mills (1975) comes to mind, as do Antanas Sileika's Buying on Time (1997), Linwood Barclay's Bad Move (2004), Michelle Berry's What We All Want (2001) and Blind Crescent (2005; not exactly Toronto, but close enough), and Ray Robertson's Gently Down the Stream (2006; which includes several long passages on the narrator's return to his parents' Etobicoke home). If the boundaries of fictionalized Toronto may be stretched far enough into southwestern Ontario, it becomes possible to include Emily Schultz's Joyland (2006) and Kerri Sakamoto's The Electrical Field (1998), as well as Barbara Gowdy's suburban fiction including Fallen Angels (1989). One thought worth considering is that many of the areas once considered 'suburban' (including Don Mills and even the neighbourhoods Margaret Atwood writes about in Cat's Eye (1988)) have subsequently been swallowed up by the city.

As I have wondered earlier here, I am not sure why there are so few clearly identifiable suburban Toronto novels. It isn't because suburbia is uninteresting (as the American writer Don DeLillo has shown so convincingly, banality is rarely boring), nor is it because there is any lack of willing readership. I'm not the first person to tackle this question. In 'Rewriting White Flight: Suburbia in Gerald Lynch's Troutstream and Joan Barfoot's Dancing in the Dark', an essay published in the edited anthologyDowntown Canada: Writing Canadian Cities (University of Toronto Press, 2005), Paul Milton (who, if my memory is accurate, was one of my tutorial leaders when I was an undergraduate student at Queen's) comments,

I came to question the relative absence of suburban sites in major Canadian fiction, an absence made all the more significant given that a large proportion of Canadians live in suburban areas. Why might Canadians choose to live in the suburbs yet choose not to write about them? (167)

Milton goes on to suggest that where suburban literature does exist, its "dynamism ... may result from the interaction between the competing discourses of the dream and the myth," (173), adding that suburban novels "revisit and revise the suburban dream, acknowledging the illusory quality of its claim to transcendence." (182)

Perhaps Milton is accurate. But it seems to me that there must be more to the story, and I would guess further answers will be found by looking at suburban literature not as a small collection of contemporary novels related only by their suburban setting but as a sub-genre with a diverse and contradictory history of its own. I am hopeful that Phyllis Brett Young's The Torontonians may, as the earliest suburban Toronto novel I have yet come across, give some further sense of this.

['She Ridicules Suburbanites' review is from the Globe & Mail, Saturday October 22, 1960; page 16. The cover image is of Phyllis Brett Young's The Torontonians; Longmans, Green & Company, 1960.]

Rare Reads | Phyllis Brett Young's The Torontonians

Published to considerable acclaim in 1960, Phyllis Brett Young's The Torontonians (Longmans Green & Company) was a Canadian bestseller in its time but now appears long forgotten.

The book's dust-jacket (reportedly one of the first to show the new City Hall on its cover; see cover image) describes the novel as "a brilliant presentation of the immediate predicament in which we all find ourselves, with Toronto the kaleidoscope through which we view it. To some this novel will be no more than a cynical glimpse behind the city's staid facade, to others simply a modern drawing-room comedy or a delightful picture of successful marriage; to many it will be a nostalgic memoir of the past thirty years, to many more a penetrating analysis of the contemporary social scene." The commentary adds, "these people are called Torontonians -- and their city is unmistakably Toronto during its period of fantastic growth in size and sophistication". The Torontonians appears to have been issued under a variety of titles to suit international markets, including as Gift of Time (1962) and as The Commuters (Pan Books, 1965).

I have just received the book and have added it to my reading pile. Once the teaching term ends in April, I plan to sit outside in the spring sun (please, oh please, let there be lots of it!) and catch up on a huge backlog of Toronto reading.

Initial research fails to turn up much on Phyllis Brett Young. Indeed, in Toronto: A Literary Guide (MacArthur, 1999), Greg Gatenby observes that Young disappeared from both literary notice and the public record long before her last recorded whereabouts in 1981. Despite this, Young received considerable acclaim for her work, which includes a number of novels: Psyche (1959), The Torontonians (1960), Anything Could Happen (1961), Undine (1964), and A Question of Judgement (1969). Young's papers are apparently held by the Boston University library.

Further research turns up an increasingly interesting story. A search at the University of Toronto library reveals that Brett wrote at least one novel under a pseudonym: The Ravine (as Kendal Young, published in 1962). According to an IMDB entry, in 1971 The Ravine was made into a violent, salacious, and perhaps pedophilia-tinged film film called Assault.

From further research still, this time into the Toronto Star's "Pages of the Past" archive, I note the following references to Phyllis Brett Young (shown in the image to the right, which appeared in the Toronto Star on October 3, 1961):

(Friday October 21, 1960): Dennis Braithwaite writes, "Phyllis Brett-Young's "The Torontonians," comes out today and already Hollywood is interested in a movie version. ... At any rate Chatelaine, which has published excerpts, got a phone call from 20th Century-Fox yesterday to that effect ... They'll probably make it a western and call it "Last of the Torontonians ..."

(Saturday October 22, 1960): In an article titled "Coiffures and Books" (in which the hairstyle of The Torontonians' cover artist receives as much attention as the book itself), Lotta Dempser writes, "The Torontonians" is probably the first book to have the new City Hall on its cover. Jean [Miller, the cover artist], obeying what at first seemed like an impossible request from the author (to put a profile of the heroine and a sketch of the City Hall together), worked it out after a sudden brainwave. The profile dominates, and the building is dreamily sketched in with a cocktail glass motif." [Miller also designed the cover for Young's first book, Psyche.]

A Saturday December 10, 1960 advertisement by The Torontonians' publisher (Longman Green & Company), inserted likely to boost pre-Christmas sales, cites favourable reviews of the novel appearing in an array of Canadian newspapers, including one from the Winnipeg Free Press describing The Torontonians as "one of the most professional and satisfying novels, Canadian or otherwise, to have come along for many months." (emphasis added; these days such a comment would be made as sarcasm.)

(Tuesday October 3, 1961; page 41): A long profile of Young, written by Lotta Dempsey, appears in the Toronto Star. In it, Young comments, "What I wanted most was to send some of Canada abroad -- the vibrant, vital country I know; not the dull, gray-tone backdrop it so often seems to come out." This comment seems to foretell the rise of urban Canadian literature, although its rise has never, to my knowledge, been associated with Young's work. The article reports that Young's first novel, Psyche, set in northern Ontario and Toronto (another addition to the Imagining Toronto library) was being made into a Hollywood film. Dempsey describes Young as the "Toronto-born housewife" of a Canadian diplomatic corps officer (unnamed) and the daughter of University of Toronto philosophy professor G.S. Brett.

My searching so far has not produced any further information, but I will add more should I come across it. I think I will write an article about vanishing mid-century women/Toronto writers, featuring Young, Joyce Marshall, and others whose work has been long forgotten. I have a strong suspicion that the subsequent generation of successful women writers (reading about Young reminds me immediately of Margaret Atwood) owes much of its existence to forerunners such as Phyllis Brett Young. Indeed, Margaret Atwood's 2003 Toronto novel, The Blind Assassin (McClelland & Stewart) seems to have been written very much in the spirit of Young's work. Intentional or otherwise, I think there is a connection worth exploring here.

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Because commentators generally claim that Toronto-focused literature does not precede the 1970s (indeed, sometimes they are unable to reach further back than the 1987 publication of Michael Ondaatje's iconic Toronto novel, In the Skin of a Lion), I am always eager to push the horizon back further. The findings, though, have been slim so far. Writer Anne Denoon (author of Back Flip (Porcupine's Quill, 2002; a novel set in late 1960s Yorkville's art community) told me about Joyce Marshall's Lovers and Strangers (1957), a long-out-of-print novel I finally managed to track down this week (pending international shipping rates, it will arrive sometime in the next couple of weeks). There is also, of course, Morley Callaghan's fiction, including Strange Fugitive (1929), a novel literary scholar Justin Edwards describes as "Canada's first urban novel."

I do not think it is so difficult to find earlier Toronto novels because few were published. On the contrary, I suspect a great many novels with Toronto settings were published, but because they were popular novels directed at general audiences in the years before Canada's literati rewrote Canadian literary history as having begun with their own works (and the establishment of the Canada Council for the Arts), they appeared to brief acclaim and vanished almost as quickly. Canada's literary history since about 1965 has focused very much on works of high culture (novels exploring the great literary themes) rather than acknowledging the equally important role played by popular and pulp fiction in mirroring our own culture(s) back to us.

And so, in the coming months I suppose I will begin digging through the archives of Canadian Literature and the popular Canadian press (some of Phyllis Brett Young's work was serialized in Chatelaine magazine, for instance), seeing what I can dig up about other long-forgotten Toronto best-sellers. At the same time, I think I will take more care in digging through the boxes of dusty mid-century novels while I cruise the city's garage sales this summer.

If you know of any pre-1960s Toronto novels I haven't mentioned here or listed in the Imagining Toronto library, I would love to hear from you.